58彩票Due to the baptism of World War II and strategic adjustments after the Gulf War, the reform of foreign military equipment procurement in developed countries also requires continuous adjustment of institutions and strengthening of centralized management. Its main content includes a scientific and comprehensive organizational management system for weapon and equipment procurement, which is a prerequisite for achieving efficient and fast weapon and equipment procurement, and ensuring that procurement projects can reflect the needs of the troops in a more timely manner. Since the beginning of the 21st century, countries have still attached great importance to the reform of weapon and equipment procurement institutions, with a focus on strengthening the centralized and unified management of weapon and equipment procurement work.

U.S.AKey points of equipment procurement reform: In order to make the US Department of Defense the "smartest and most responsive buyer in the world", in February 2005, the US Army established the Communications Electronics Lifecycle Management Command, which included the Army Electronics Command, Tactical Command, Control, and Communications Program Execution Office, and Intelligence, Electronic Warfare, and Sensor Program Execution Office, thus changing the situation of "multi head" management in information equipment procurement. In November 2005, the United States established the Defense Business Transformation Agency, which was entrusted with the management of over a dozen dispersed modernization management projects for defense business, including the Department of Defense email system, defense transportation system, procurement expenditure analysis service, and defense procurement management information retrieval system.

britainThe Ministry of Defense announced the merger of the Defense Acquisition Agency and the Defense Logistics Agency to establish the Defense Equipment and Support Agency, which is responsible for the full lifecycle management of all weapons and equipment, thereby enabling the logistics and support work of the British Armed Forces to be carried out by a single organizational structure. Strengthen supervision and enhance transparency. Weapon and equipment procurement is a comprehensive and complex system engineering. In order to ensure fairness and impartiality in equipment procurement competition and reduce corrupt behavior, there must be a complete set of supervision and inspection mechanisms, which not only include supervision from within the weapon and equipment procurement system, but also from various government supervision and inspection departments and society. At the end of the 20th century, the United States had already formed a relatively complete weapon procurement supervision system consisting of various methods such as judiciary, supervision, auditing, social supervision, as well as multiple levels such as Congress, the Department of Defense, and the military branches. However, in view of the increasingly serious problems of cost increase and schedule delay in major procurement projects of the US military, in July 2005, the US Department of Defense established the Defense Acquisition Performance Evaluation Program. Responsible for reviewing the procurement of weapons and equipment, and providing relevant reform opinions, suggestions, and feasible implementation plans to the Minister of National Defense to improve the effectiveness of procurement work. The department is composed of experts from the military and industrial sectors, and is under the leadership of the Executive Vice Minister of National Defense

Guide.

IndiaThe government supervisory department, in view of the repeated violations by the Ministry of National Defense58彩票The procurement guidelines have mandated the issuance of new defense procurement directives: in all newly signed import contracts in the future, bank guarantees cannot be provided by Indian banks as before, and the Ministry of Defense must make advance payments to suppliers on its own; The time nodes for each stage of the procurement contract must be clear to prevent delays and ensure clear rights and responsibilities. The Indian defense procurement process is evaluated every two years, mainly to supplement the experience gained during procurement and adjust contract terms to ensure fairness. In order to prevent corruption in the weapons procurement process and ensure transparency in the procurement process, on November 20, 2006, the Indian Defense Minister stated to members of the Parliamentary Advisory Committee that if there was an urgent need to evaluate policies, it would not be necessary to wait for two years.

3. Emphasize market competition and improve procurement efficiency. Under the conditions of a market economy, the procurement of weapons and equipment must fully utilize the competitive mechanism in order to achieve innovation and maximum economic benefits of weapons and equipment.

In the guiding document on the reform of the weapons and equipment procurement system formulated by the French Ministry of Defense in 2004, it was stipulated that the role of market and price competition mechanisms must be highlighted in the reform. To ensure maximum competitiveness and more flexible innovation policies. In May 2005, the French General Administration of Armaments decided to publish an updated list of military projects every six months, with the aim of providing services for small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in the competition for military contracts.

U.S.AIn the 2003 version of the weapons and equipment procurement document, the Ministry of National Defense clearly stipulated that procurement management personnel should take various necessary measures to promote the establishment of a competitive environment, including considering multiple alternative systems to meet established task requirements: developing scientific and technological investment strategies and procurement strategies to ensure competitive suppliers throughout the entire life cycle and future procurement projects of the procurement project; ensuring effective competition among main contractors for major and critical products and technologies; and ensuring that qualified foreign contractors are allowed to participate in competition. At present, 95% of procurement projects in the US military use competitive bidding, which not only greatly improves procurement efficiency, but also plays an important role in promoting the conversion of civilian technology to military use Promote military civilian integration and maintain the foundation of national defense industry. A strong foundation in the national defense industry is the key to acquiring advanced weapons and equipment. Therefore, all countries regard maintaining a healthy defense industry foundation as a clear goal of weapon and equipment procurement reform, and create a favorable environment for the development of the defense industry through the formulation of corresponding policies.

FranceIn the "French Defense Procurement Policy" released by the Ministry of Defense in 2004, it was emphasized that the scientific research of the Ministry of Defense should pay special attention to cooperation with civilian institutions. At present, France is piloting a new method of financial support for weapon and equipment procurement, with the core being to attract private capital for weapon and equipment procurement. Basic forms adoptedOr the Ministry of National Defense can purchase weapons and equipment through leasing, or transfer some of the support, assistance, and training tasks to private enterprises according to market principles. The French authorities believe that this new approach

58彩票The law has the following advantages: by maximizing the participation of companies at each stage of use, it can achieve more detailed supervision of the entire service life cost of weapons and equipment; those parts that are not fully utilized by armed forces but have potential can be opened to third parties through market principles to reduce usage costs; it allows equipment to be transferred or returned without being utilized, and even reduces purchase costs if necessary, thereby spreading equipment costs throughout the entire service life of the equipment. In addition, France is exploring the possibility of adopting new commercial methods to provide material and technical support and maintenance for current equipment.

GermanyIn 2005, Army Logistics Co., Ltd. was established, with the state holding 49% of the shares and the remaining 59% held by companies such as Rheinmetall, Krauss Maffei Wiegmann, and Saar Industries, each holding 17%. This marks the transfer of all weapon and equipment maintenance previously handled by Germany's logistics support forces to private enterprises, thereby strengthening the connection between the military and industry, and is considered a win-win reform for both industries and the military.